Forthcoming Issue

This study introduces an innovative approach to predicting aflatoxin contamination levels in cocoa beans by leveraging an optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model coupled with UV-fluorescence imaging. Aspergillus flavus-inoculated cocoa beans underwent a 7-day incubation period, and UV lamp-based image acquisition facilitated data collection. Leveraging 289 color-texture features, the developed ANN model exhibited highly promising predictive capabilities. Validation results indicate a remarkably low Mean Square Error (MSE) of 0.0087 and a high R-value of 0.9910, affirming the efficacy of the proposed model. The seamless integration of UV-fluorescence imaging and ANN presents a viable and accurate alternative for detecting aflatoxin in cocoa beans, thereby enhancing food safety practices within the cocoa industry.

In many regions, self-help initiatives serve as crucial supplements to government development strategies, enabling individuals to take charge of their own progress. This research focuses on assessing the involvement and benefits of rural inhabitants in self-help endeavors, aimed at enhancing their living standards in Kwara State, Nigeria. Using an interview schedule, data was collected from 140 respondents, and analyzed employing various statistical methods including frequency, percentages, mean scores, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that the participants were most actively engaged in fostering peaceful co-existence through voluntary efforts (average score, x?=3.59), organizing fundraising events (x?=3.57), and making financial contributions (x?=3.47). Moreover, the primary perceived benefits of participating in these self-help initiatives included the reduction of poverty (x?=2.80), improved decision-making processes (x?=2.58), and the promotion of social solidarity (x?=2.55). Regression analysis further demonstrated that household income and level of education significantly influenced the participants' involvement in self-help projects, with statistical significance at the p<0.05 level. Consequently, the study concludes that the rural population in Kwara State primarily engages in self-help activities to promote peaceful co-existence and has made significant strides in alleviating poverty in the region. To enhance the efficacy of self-help projects, the study recommends an increase in government support and the implementation of policies to regulate the inflation of essential materials required for such initiatives in rural communities. Keywords: Self-help initiatives, rural inhabitants, alleviating poverty, social solidarity, financial contribution, voluntary effort, peaceful co-existence

This research aimed to examine the impact of ethics orientation and the mastery of information technology on the performance of agricultural extension workers in Konawe District. The study was conducted in Konawe District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, spanning from January to October 2022. The population and sample included all State Civil Servant (ASN) agricultural extension workers in Konawe District, totaling 113 individuals. The study incorporated exogenous variables, namely the ethics orientation and mastery of information technology of agricultural extension workers, and endogenous variables, focusing on the performance of agricultural extension workers. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were employed to assess the state of ethics orientation, mastery of information technology, and the performance of agricultural extension workers. The inferential analysis utilized Partial Least Square (PLS), an equation model of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) based on a variance or component-centered structural equation modeling approach. The findings revealed a significant positive influence of ethics orientation on the performance of agricultural extension workers in Konawe District. Similarly, the mastery of information technology among agricultural extension workers significantly positively affected their performance in Konawe District. Keywords: Ethical orientation, information technology, performance of Agricultural extension workers.

Among various agronomic practices, the balanced use of fertilizers is important to get maximum economic yields. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the economically optimum nutrient requirement for producing higher yields of non-Basmati varieties of rice. To achieve these objectives, experiments were conducted at 14 sites at farmers’ fields from 2016 to 2020. The levels of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potash (K) were N (0, 87,174, 261), P2O5 (0, 52, 104, 156) and K2O (0, 40, 80,120) kilogram per hectare respectively arranged in central treatment design with eleven treatments. Experiments were designed and conducted in the field under randomized complete block. Maximum paddy yield (6,223 kg ha) was obtained with 174-156-80 kg ha-1 on an overall basis. However, the maximum benefit cost ratio was observed with 174-0-80 kg ha-1 with a lower yield level. Marginal rate of return was higher for nutrient N due to its lower price but higher for P and K nutrients due to their higher prices. Based on the results, 174-156-80 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O may be used by farmers seeking maximum incomes whereas 174-104-0 may be used by farmers seeking maximum cost benefit ratio, however, total income of farmers in this case may be lower. Keywords: Nutrients, economics, rice, non-basmati, fertilizer, NPK, paddy yield.

This study investigated the growth response and antibacterial activity of sintrong plants (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore) on different growth media and shade to support organic functional food. The research was conducted at the Field Laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University using a two-factorial Randomized Group Design (RAK). Variations of planting media used were soil without fertilizer, a mixture of soil and cow manure in a ratio of 1:1, and a mixture of soil and cow manure in a ratio of 1:2. The variations of shade used were no shade, 25% paranet shade, and 50% paranet shade. Antibacterial activity was assessed using the Delusion method. Growth data and antibacterial activity were analyzed through Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with SPSS application and continued with Duncan test at 95% confidence level (? = 0.05). The results showed that planting media and shade had a significant effect on the growth of sintrong plant height. The greatest growth occurred in a mixture of soil and manure 1:1 in 25% shade (P1N1), while the lowest growth occurred in a mixture of manure-soil 1:2 without shade (P2N0). Antibacterial activity testing showed a significant effect of various growing media and shade treatments. The highest antibacterial activity was found in sintrong plant extract grown without manure at 50% shade (P0N2), with an inhibition zone of 16.6 mm for Escherichia coli bacteria (gram negative) and 13.2 mm for Staphylococcus bacteria (gram positive). The lowest inhibition zone occurred in sintrong plants grown on 1:2 manure-soil mixture without shade (P2N0) with an inhibition zone of 8.0 mm for Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Keywords: Growth Response, Antibacterial Activity, Sintrong Plant (Crassocephalum crepidioides (Benth.) S. Moore), Media, Shade

This study aimed to examine whether the association between PT and VC content is influenced by the levels of TSS and AT content. More Specifically, the experimental analytical investigation involved 24 lemon Accession (Citrus limon (L.) Burm.), with a focus on the VC content in the fruits. Serial mediation analyses were conducted using Model 6 of Hayes’ PROCESS macro (version 4.2), with controls for weight, FL, number of seeds per fruits, and percentage of juice. The mediation analysis indicated that PT had a total effect of 31.74 (95% CI, 9.04-54.45) on VC content. This effect was divided into a direct effect of 7.13(95% CI, -14.15-28.40) and an indirect effect of 24.61 (95% CI, 12.16-37.93), with an estimated proportion of 77.54% being mediated by levels of TSS and AT. Additionally, TSS and AT were identified as independent factors contributing to the increase in VC content, serving as significant mediators in the relationship between PT and VC content. In summary, our findings suggest that levels of TSS and AT play crucial roles as mediators in linking PT to VC content. These findings have practical implications for optimizing vitamin C levels in citrus fruits. Keywords: Citrus limon, mediation, path, peel thickness, vitamin C, Accessions

Gambier is a natural product that contains high amounts of cathechin. Cathechin has bioavailability as an antimicrobial such as fungus. Dandruff is a problem on the human scalp caused by fungus where this condition can be treated by using shampoo.The purpose of this study was to ascertain how the properties of solid shampoo were affected by the catechin extract from Gambier. This study's design comprised three replicates and five treatments in a fully randomized fashion. Catechin extract was added to the shampoo in amounts of 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4% of the total contents. Evaluations were conducted on the created shampoo's chemical, physical, and organoleptic properties. By the measurement of pH, percentage of solid content, foam height, texture, color, and scent revealed that the addition of gambier catechin extract could had a substantial influence (? = 5%) but not for dirt dispersal. Adding 4% of Gambier's catechin extract to the solid shampoo resulted in the optimal concentration. Further studies are needed to ascertain the specific role of the Gambier catechin extract in solid shampoo in order to fully appreciate the benefits of using it in shampoo products. Keywords: Antimicrobial, dandruff, flavonoid, functional, health care.

Citrus is an economically important fruit crop with a long history of cultivation worldwide, and many citrus varieties are grown extensively in Morocco, both for domestic consumption and export. Nevertheless, the genetic diversity of this genus in Morocco has not been reported upon. Our objective was to explore phenotypic variations in grapefruit and pomelo genotypes for targeted breeding, enhancing key traits, and identifying opportunities for genetic improvement. We emphasize practical implications and outline future research directions for developing improved citrus varieties. This present study physiochemically analyzes eight grapefruit (Citrus paradisi) and two pomelo (Citrus maxima) cultivars to assess the genetic variability of these fruits’ physicochemical characteristics. The results revealed significant variance among the genotypes for all traits. For example, the phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) was higher than genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits. Moreover, a high degree of heritability was recorded for seed number, ?-carotene, vitamin C, juice yield (%), total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturity index, fruit diameter, and fruit weight, whereas limited heritability was observed for fruit length, peel thickness, and segment number per fruit. The high genetic advance scores corresponded to the high degree of heritability estimates for seed number per fruit, ?-carotene, juice yield, and vitamin C, suggesting the existence of additive genetic effects. Our principal component analysis (PCA) identified four components with cumulative variance of 93.20%, while hierarchical cluster analysis grouped the collection into five clusters. In conclusion, phenotypic distinctions among grapefruit and pomelo genotypes reveal opportunities for genetic enhancement through selection or hybridization. Varied traits, including seed count, vitamin C, beta-carotene, and juice yield, across genotypes suggest potential avenues for targeted breeding and practical applications in diverse citrus varieties. Keywords: Citrus maxima, citrus paradisi, GCV, heritability, PCV, vitamin C.

Tacca tubers (Tacca leontopetaloides) are a tuber plant variety that is neglected and underutilized. Understanding tacca tubers' nutritional and anti-nutritional composition is necessary as a scientific basis for their development in the food industry. This study aims to evaluate the proximate composition, nutritional, and anti-nutritional compounds of tacca tubers grown in various regions in Indonesia, in particular Garut, Bangkalan, and Sumenep. As a result, the growing location did not affect the proximate composition (crude protein, ash, crude fiber, and fat) of tacca tubers except for water content. Significant differences were observed in starch content (25.77-32.43 %), vitamin C (11.85-14.32 mg/100 g), and vitamin E (0.25-0.42 mg/100 g). The growing location also significantly influences tacca tubers' mineral components (phosphorus, magnesium, calcium, iron, copper, zinc, sodium, and potassium). In addition, anti-nutritional compounds such as phytic acid (633.25-538.80 mg/100 g), tannin (45.43-64.03 mg/100 g), oxalate (201.14-338.01 mg/100 g), cyanide (2.17-3.05 mg/100 g), alkaloids (253.68-487.91 mg/100 g) and saponins (97.54-105.24 mg/100 g) in tacca tubers identified in different amounts at each growing location. In conclusion, tacca tubers Indonesia from Garut contain a high starch component. This potential can be an energy source, especially for coastal communities. Thus, tacca tubers can support creating a sustainable food system in Indonesia. Keywords: Tacca tuber; potential; nutritional; anti-nutritional; Indonesia varieties.

Carob tree cultivation requires a good understanding of soil nutrient availability. Therefore, several farmers and other stakeholders have little scientific knowledge in soil standards for carob cultivation. This study aims to characterize and assess the physicochemical quality of carob soils in order to improve crop production. Data collection involved soil sampling at 0-20 and 20-40 cm depth beneath carob trees in 19 different regions of Morocco during 2019 year. Obtained results on the physicochemical analyses of the soil (texture, pH (H2O), electrical conductivity (EC), total limestone, organic matter (OM), organic carbon (OC), total nitrogen (TN), C/N ratio, assimilable phosphorus (P)) indicated that soils from various studied stations exhibited sandy loam texture, with neutral to slightly alkaline pH values (ranging from 6.39 to 7.62). Regarding other elements, the soils of all studied stations have a content of organic carbon not exceeding 5.11%, an organic matter ranging from 0.62 to 8.70% and a content of total nitrogen below 1.82%, while C/N ratio in soils is relatively higher. However, in all the stations, soils are considered low in available phosphorus. Total limestone contents are higher in different stations. Furthermore, soil electrical conductivity is ranging from low value (0.15 mS/cm) to moderate value (2.34 mS/cm). For the most variables, small differences in soil physicochemistry are found between different stations. These findings may elucidate the carob trees adaptability to various soil types. Keywords: Carob tree, Ceratonia siliqua L., soil characterization, soil texture, nutrient availability, pH, electrical conductivity, Morocco.

There is still a low effort of cocoa farmers in using pesticides in a safe and healthy manner, as well as unfulfilled improvement of knowledge and skills of health extension officers, and training especially for Pos UKK cadres. Farmers' behaviour is still found to be at risk of acute and chronic diseases and pesticide poisoning. Thus, an occupational health promotion strategy is needed to solve these problems. The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of occupational health promotion strategies from the aspects of health policy, social support, environmental support, individual skills, community empowerment, and to design a model of occupational health promotion strategies in reducing the risk of pesticide use among cocoa farmers in North Kolaka Regency. The type of research used is a survey using quantitative and qualitative methods, the number of samples is 220 respondents, and 6 informants. The results showed that there was an influence of several variables of occupational health promotion strategies in suppressing the risk of pesticide use on cocoa farmers The novelty of this research is the discovery of an occupational health promotion strategy model by testing several simplified theories and then adapting them according to needs and environmental conditions, the strategy uses a Regional Policy approach, Community Participation, Healthy Behavior of Farmers, Empowerment of UKK Post Cadres. Keywords: Strategy, Occupational Health Promotion, Pesticides, Cocoa Farmers and Mitigate

Effective pest management in agricultural systems requires understanding environmental conditions and chemical solutions. The efficacy of lambda cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, and acephate for mango leaf hopper control was examined in relation to temperature. A controlled laboratory setup with a Bio-Oxygen-Demand (B.O.D) incubator maintained temperatures of 25 ºC, 22 ºC, and 29 ºC for the experiment. The investigated pesticides' toxicity varied with temperature. March 2022, October 2022, and July 2023 lambda cyhalothrin LD50 values were 0.524, 0.412, and 0.992 ppm at 25 ºC. In the same timeframes, imidacloprid showed LD50 values of 0.797, 1.187, and 1.774 ppm. Acephate has 0.890, 1.572, and 1.927 ppm LD50s. Piperonyl butoxide (PBO), N-(Propargyloxy) phthalimide (PP), diethyl maleate (DEM), and S,S,S-tributyl phosphorotrithioate (DEF) were also tested for synergy. DEM and the studied insecticides had synergistic ratios, suggesting improved pest control tactics. The data showed that temperature, pesticide effectiveness, and synergistic interactions promote sustainable mango pest management. Keywords: Mango pest management, synergistic study, insecticides, temperature variations, resistance management.

Melatonin (Mel) is a chemical that has been found in bacterial, higher plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. The plant extract was analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to find Mel. Mel concentrations differed greatly, according to the data. The aim of this study was to see how Mel generated from Ziziphus spina-christi leaves affected thyroid, liver enzymes, and lipid profiles in male albino mice. Twenty male mice were divided into four groups, each containing five mice, and were administered intraperitoneally (i.p) injections of Mel in three doses (4, 7 and 10 mg/kg), with the exception of the control group, which received only a dose of normal saline solution. In comparison to the control therapy, the results showed that the Mel dose of 10 mg/ kg had the greatest impact on lowering the levels of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), lowering the levels of the liver enzymes Alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and Total serum bilirubin (TSB) and lowering lipid profile (cholesterol (CHO), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG)). In addition to raising the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in mice's blood serum with substantial variations from the control therapy. The review summarizes, this evidence implicates Mel in a broad range of effects with a significant regulatory influence over many of the body's physiological functions. Keywords: Blood serum, Medicinal plants, tryptophan, Rhamnaceae family, methanol, TLC and pineal gland.

This study was conducted in the department of Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Baghdad. Microscopically, Adult worms of Toxocara spp appeared milky white with a coiled posterior end notable and from the erect tail, adult male was shorter than the female, with a finger-like projection. Eggs of T. cati in different stages development were incubated with Artemisia absinthium extract in different concentrations and time period. Artemisia absinthium alcoholic extract the leaves dried were detached and powdered through electrical grinder and the adult parasites were kept in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The process of extracting Artemisia absinthium and dilution in distilled water at concentrations of 0.3, 0.6, 1.2 and 2.4 mg/ml and negative control group with PBS. Microscopic investigations of the eggs treated with Artemisia absinthium extract demonstrated restricted larval growth at doses of 2.4 mg/ml for 21 days but uninhibited development larvae in groups 0.3, 0.6, and 1.2 mg/ml. A significant difference (P?0.05) was found between the positive control groups (Albendazole) and the other Artemisia absinthium groups. Keywords: Artemisia absinthium, Albendazole, Cats, Invitro, Toxocara cati, Zoonotic Parasite.

This research examines the institutional model of agricultural extension in improving the performance of agricultural extension workers in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The research was conducted in Konawe Regency and South Konawe Regency of Southeast Sulawesi Province which took place from June 2021 to December 2022. The population in this study were agricultural extension workers in Konawe Regency and South Konawe Regency totaling 183 personnel divided into 28 Agricultural Extension Centers. This study included exogenous variables in the form of organizational characteristics, extension agent independence, and extension agent competence, while endogenous variables were institutional effectiveness and agricultural extension agent performance. Data were analyzed using SEM (Structural Equation Model) PLS (Partial Least Square) or SEM-PLS method. The research findings show that the variables of organizational characteristics, extension agent independence and extension agent competence have a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of extension institutions. The effectiveness of agricultural extension institutions has a positive and significant effect on the performance of agricultural extension workers in Southeast Sulawesi Province. Keywords: Extension Institutions, Characteristics, Independence, Competence, and Institutional effectiveness.

The production and marketing dynamics of groundnut play a crucial role in shaping the agricultural sector, particularly in Cross River State, Nigeria. This study employs a simultaneous modeling technique to delve into the intricate relationship between production and marketing activities. Primary data, gathered from 1253 farmers and market participants through structured questionnaires, comprehensively covers aspects such as production inputs, output, prices, marketing channels, and market participation. The simultaneous modeling technique provides valuable insights into the interdependencies among production and marketing variables. It unveils the significant influence of variable costs, market prices, and income on groundnut production and marketing strategies. The study not only highlights these interconnections but also identifies critical interventions for enhancing efficiency in both production and marketing processes. Emphasizing the importance of well-targeted policies, the research underscores the need for initiatives focused on quality inputs, effective market information dissemination, and the strengthening of market linkages. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the groundnut industry dynamics and offer actionable recommendations for improving overall efficiency and sustainability.

Sandponics is an advanced system that promotes food security. It involves growing plants and fish together in a recycled ecosystem that uses natural bacterial cycles to use fish waste as plant nutrition. Eggplant is considered one of the most important crops known for its nutritional benefits. Eggplant (French Flomorin species), were grown in Sandponics panels and regular ground, where five plants were randomly selected from each experimental unit in the vegetative growth stage, physiological indicators and antioxidant were recorded. The results showed that there was a significant difference for water quality in total chlorophyll content, showing higher levels in plants irrigated with fish-free water than those with fish water, and there were no significant differences for water quality in chlorophyll A concentration and chlorophyll B concentration. The results also indicate that there is a significant difference between water quality for the concentration of glutathione, as the highest concentration was recorded in fruits irrigated with fish water compared to fruits irrigated with fish-free water. While there is a significant difference between the quality of water for the concentration of proline, as the highest concentration was recorded in fruits irrigated with fish-free water compared to fruits irrigated with fish wat. There are significant differences in water quality for nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and iron. The average concentrations are higher when watered with fish water, compared to the average concentrations when irrigated with fish-free water. ? Keywords: Cultivation systems, vegetables, physiological indicators, antioxidants, microelements, macro-elements.

Vietnam's agricultural reliance, particularly on rice cultivation, raises concerns about pesticide usage and its packaging disposal, vital for sustainable and safe practices. This study focused on Bac Tan Uyen District in Binh Duong Province, Vietnam, assessing current practices, challenges, and opportunities for improvement in pesticide management. Through interviews with 100 rice farming households and rigorous data analysis, the study reveals the extensive use of 44 pesticides and 39 active ingredients (AIs) in the district. Notably, practices varied concerning pesticide choice, application, post-spraying actions, protective gear usage, and handling of pesticide packaging. The study highlights alarming trends like the utilization of hazardous AIs and improper disposal methods like burning or leaving empty pesticide containers in fields. However, positive aspects, such as high adherence to designated bins for empty containers (93%), were identified. The results emphasize the urgency of enhancing awareness and implementing sustainable practices for safe pesticide use and packaging disposal, crucial for environmental preservation and human health in rice cultivation. Keywords: Pesticide use, pesticide packaging, rice cultivation, Binh Duong, Vietnam

The sambar deer, an endemic animal to Indonesia, is protected by Government Regulation Number 7 of 1999 and is listed as "Vulnerable," according to the IUCN, indicating its vulnerability to extinction. The main objective of this research is to analyze the current management of sambar deer breeding, identify supporting and inhibiting factors, and plan strategies to improve management by ideal standards. Data for this research was collected through literature study, observation and interviews. The sample of respondents was selected from actors or stakeholders who have the most significant role in the management of this deer breeding area, including the head of the service (1 person), head of the planning section (1 person), team member (2 people), and guard (1 person). The form of captive management was analyzed using a Likert scale, supporting and inhibiting factors were analyzed using descriptive analysis, and the form of management strategy was analyzed using SWOT analysis. The results obtained were that the sambar deer breeding management had a score of 3.90, or the management was quite good. Supporting factors for management are the breeding area, which is still sufficient to accommodate many deer, complete equipment and cage equipment in the cages, and healthy deer. Moreover, the inhibiting factors for management are the unavailability of veterinarians and the fact that data on recording sick sambar deer needs to be well documented, making it challenging to monitor health. Recommendations for the management strategy for sambar deer breeding at BPSILHK Aek Nauli is an alternative SO (Strength-Opportunity) strategy obtained, namely: Caring for the cages together with the community, utilizing the area of the cage to add deer, utilizing breeding locations located in tourist locations and caring for the deer so that always healthy.

This research explores the implications of oil palm expansion on forest stewardship practices within the Dayak Benawan community of Cowet Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. It particularly focuses on the adaptive strategies of indigenous women in response to diminishing forest areas. By bridging traditional knowledge with evolving environmental dynamics and economic constraints, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of the situation. Utilizing ethnographic methodology, interviews with Dayak Benawan women were conducted, yielding rich qualitative insights.Our findings illuminate a significant transformation in both livelihoods and cultural traditions due to the encroachment of oil palm plantations. Notably, the study quantifies the impact, revealing an 18% reduction in forest cover in the Sanggau Regency attributed to oil palm expansion. This expansion has tangible adverse effects, compelling the Dayak Benawan community to undergo substantial changes in their way of life. This research underscores not only the environmental and socio-cultural costs of agricultural industrialization but also highlights the resilience and adaptability of indigenous communities in the face of ecological disruption

Efforts to enhance maize productivity in regions like Madura Island, Indonesia, plagued by low yields due to drought stress, necessitate the development of resilient and high-yielding maize hybrids. Employing the line x tester method represents a promising approach to breed varieties tolerant to drought stress. This study aims to identify drought-tolerant maize hybrids derived from line x tester crosses. The research utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 40 genotypes replicated three times, totaling 120 experimental units. Drought stress was imposed following the CIMMYT method, wherein irrigation was provided at field capacity from 0 to 40 days after planting (DAP) at 10-day intervals, while drought stress commenced from 50 DAP until harvest. Under optimal conditions, irrigation occurred every 10 days until 80 DAP. Key observation parameters included plant height, days to 50% tasselling, harvest age, ear height, ear length, ear diameter, kernel weight per plant, 1000-kernel weight, and production per hectare. Results indicated several adaptive hybrid maize genotypes for both normal and drought conditions, as discerned by the Stress Tolerance Index (STI), including G2, G12, G13, G14, and G15. Moreover, hybrids G2, G18, G19, G21, and G24 exhibited notable drought tolerance based on the Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI). These findings underscore the potential of employing the line x tester method in breeding resilient maize hybrids tailored to mitigate the adverse impacts of drought stress, thereby fostering agricultural sustainability in resource-constrained environments like Madura Island.

This study, conducted at the Lath House of Agriculture College, Al-Qasim Green University during the 2021-2022 growth season, aimed to evaluate the effects of KHARZA nanoparticles (NPs) and organic fertilizer (Nutirgreen) on sour orange seedlings. Different concentrations of KHARZA NPs (0, 1, 2, and 3 g.L-1) and organic fertilizer (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5 ml.L-1) were applied. The experimental design followed a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two factors, each having four treatments, and each treatment replicated thrice. Our findings reveal that spraying KHARZA NPs at a concentration of 3 g.L-1 significantly enhanced various vegetative parameters, such as plant height, stem diameter, leaf number, and leaf area, alongside improvements in chemical properties such as mineral concentration, chlorophyll content, and carbohydrate levels in leaves. Similarly, applying organic fertilizer at a rate of 4.5 ml.L-1 led to notable enhancements in both vegetative and chemical characteristics compared to the control group. Notably, combined application of KHARZA NPs at 3 g.L-1 and organic fertilizer at 4.5 ml.L-1 resulted in synergistic effects, yielding the most favorable outcomes in terms of vegetative growth and chemical properties. These results underscore the potential of utilizing KHARZA nanoparticles and organic fertilizers in enhancing the growth and physiological properties of sour orange seedlings, offering promising avenues for sustainable agricultural practices.

The development of Islamic economics and Sharia banking has a long history, with many believing its origins trace back to the time of the Prophet Muhammad. Sharia banks now play a role in financing the agricultural industry for micro, small, and medium enterprises in countries with the largest Muslim populations and are agriculture-based. At the same time, there are challenges in terms of improving management in the human resources aspect. For example, intention and awareness are two things that have been revealed by many previous studies in maximizing market and customer control, especially in Sharia banking. Intention and awareness were reportedly influenced by religiosity, product knowledge, and word of mouth. This research tries to review how Islamic banks operate; their role in agriculture and agribusiness; and their role in developing MSMEs. Finally, examining the relationship between intention and awareness is reported to be influenced by religiosity, product knowledge, and word of mouth in Islamic banking. Using a systematic review approach based on secondary data in the form of reputable international journals registered in international databases. There are 15 journals related to the development of Islamic economics and the role of Sharia financial financing. The role of Islamic banks in the development of agriculture and agribusiness is 36 journals. The role of Islamic banks in developing MSMEs is 46 journals. There are 64 journals covering the topic of Sharia banking human resource development. The results of the analysis found new information in terms of theoretical and practical development, that Islamic banks have proven to play a role in the development of agriculture and MSMEs, but there are still weaknesses in terms of service innovation. Then, in terms of human resources for Sharia banking services, it focuses on Total Quality Management, that Sharia banks must improve human resource capabilities in service with the main topic of analysis "the influence of religiosity, product knowledge and word of mouth in forming the intentions and awareness of sharia bank customers".

Sago, the other source of sugar production need to be pursued in Indonesia, as Indonesia is highly dependent on sugar cane. This study aimed to analyze the production of liquid sugar based on sago by enzymatic method. The characteristics of liquid sugar made from sago has met with the standard provisions of Indonesian National Standard (SNI 01-2978992) except for the parameter of color. However, the color of sago liquid sugar is acceptable to consumers and market. The liquid sugar produced from sago could reach 0.6 to 0.8 liters per kg. If the sago is obtained from around 50,000 hectares of sago plantations and converted into liquid sugar, then around 600,000 kiloliters of sugar will be produced, or equivalent to 27% of the total national sugar production. The feasibility study showed that the sago liquid sugar business was profitable, which might be seen from the BCR value of 1.16, NPV Rp 58,754,955.64, PBP of 2 years 11 months, and IRR of 34.73%. Even though sago has a great potential, but the development still faces various problems such as unproper sago cultivation, difficulty to access sago land, limited mastery of farmer technology, and unestablished farmer institutions.

This study delves into market participation and marketing channel preferences among smallholder Macadamia farmers in Embu West Sub County, Kenya. Employing a stratified multistage sampling procedure and multinomial logit regression analysis, the research reveals that despite offering lower prices, brokers remain the favored marketing channel. Several factors, including age, farming experience, consideration of macadamia quality, information flow, farm size, distance to market, payment period, and education level, significantly influence farmers' channel choice. The findings underscore the importance of policy interventions emphasizing non-price incentives, such as enhanced extension services and dissemination of macadamia marketing information, to encourage participation in more lucrative markets.

Various reports state that investment in the ASEAN region has a good future, especially investment in the agricultural sector in general. One of the important instruments in investment is the permits obtained, which are widely reported to influence good governance and the level of public trust in licensing actors. The research aims to reveal the effects of implementing easy permits, and public trust in good governance, by taking cases as the latest research in agricultural-based areas. The research uses a quantitative paradigm, taking cases in Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The sample size of 100 people was determined purposively. An important finding that is a scientific contribution is the proof that ease of business licensing can create public trust, and good governance, as well as the public trust that is formed can improve good governance, especially in areas that generally operate in the agricultural sector. The practical consequence is that every government, to absorb investment activities in the future, must strengthen good governance created through ease of doing business and creating public trust.

This study focuses on understanding the impact of varying nitrogen rates on the growth, fruit production, and quality of clementine Nules variety trees grafted onto Flhorag and Carrizo citrange rootstocks and cultivated at the Sidi Allal Tazi Experimental Station of INRA Morocco, in clay soil, over five seasons. A split-plot design with three blocks of repetitions (two trees per bloc per treatment, n=6) was employed in this experiment. The main plot varied the nitrogen doses, while the subplot involved the genotype of rootstock. Three fertilizer treatments with N rates (T0: control (native nutrient), T1: 270, T2: 540 in g/tree), with 135 P2O5 and 270 K2O g/tree added to citrus trees. The research indicated that both nitrogen rate and rootstock genotype significantly influenced vegetative growth, yield, and fruit quality of Nules clementine. Increased nitrogen levels enhance vegetative growth, especially in Carrizo citrange rootstock, evidenced by greater tree height, canopy diameter, and volume. Significant and positive correlation was found between canopy volume and fruit yield, across both rootstock highlighting the importance of proper nitrogen management in citrus cultivation. Carrizo citrange was proved to be a more efficient rootstock for Nules variety in contrast to tetraploid Flhorag. Higher nitrogen rates with Carrizo citrange result in better yield and fruit quality (size, juice content, and solid soluble content) than with tetraploid Flhorag. Optimal yield and fruit quality in Nules clementine are achieved using 540g of N/tree/year when grafted on Carrizo citrange. The recommended NPK rate for achieving high yield and optimal fruit quality of Nules clementine was 540 N-135 P2O5-270 K2O g/tree/year

The Bajo or Bajau tribe is a tribe that lives and survives in the sea. In some countries, the Bajau tribe is known as Sama or Samal. The Bajo tribe is more widely spread in Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand, Brunei, and Malaysia. Bajau as a maritime community certainly have hereditary habits relating to their lives in utilizing marine and coastal natural resources. On this basis, this research aims to determine the form of local wisdom of the Bajau tribe in utilizing marine and coastal natural resources, and second, to know the efforts made by the Bajau tribe to maintain local wisdom so that it remains sustainable now and in the future. This research was conducted using a post-positivism (qualitative) paradigm. The research location chosen was the Bajau tribe who inhabit the Spelman waters, precisely along the coast of the Tiworo Strait in Muna Regency, West Muna Regency, and Central Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia. The research involved around 17 people who were determined purposively, namely Tribal Heads. Research data comes from primary and secondary sources. Primary data resulting from in-depth interviews were then analyzed descriptively. It was found that the local wisdom of the Bajau tribe in preserving marine and coastal natural resources is sangal and pamali. The current efforts of the Bajau tribe to preserve local wisdom so that it remains intact is by upholding the advice of their ancestors and maintaining a figure (Tribal Chief) as the trustee of the source of ancestral knowledge. Therefore, the agenda for the future is the wisdom of the Bajau people which has been proven to protect the sea so that it can be replicated in other coastal communities. Regarding replication and conceptual models is a challenging discussion for future research.

Agricultural development must be the government's main focus to achieve comprehensive and serious economic development for society. The (Regional) Government as a public organization holding autonomous rights to determine policies to increase agricultural development must begin to prepare. What many experts have highlighted is the role of Regional Government in regional development in terms of human resources, namely the existence of a personnel system called bureaucracy. Every organization needs to develop human resources (HR) through improving performance to have abilities, skills, and positive attitudes to carry out their duties well. Experts and scholars say that three concepts among the many are highlighted in the aspect of bureaucratic resource management to improve employees' work, namely organizational justice, organizational politics, and work commitment. The research aims to determine and analyze the achievements of implementing agricultural development; and to know and analyze the respective relationships between organizational justice, organizational politics, and work commitment on employee performance in agricultural development. Use a quantitative approach to causality design. Take the case of Wakatobi Regency with its unique coastal areas and small islands. The sample was 225 employees or around 44% of the total sample of 514 people. The number of samples was determined by Slovin calculation and then taken at simple random. Primary data was obtained through distributing questionnaires, and secondary data from economic reports from authorized institutions. Data were analyzed using the SEM-AMOS approach. The results of the analysis found that development in Wakatobi Regency is supported by the agricultural and fisheries sectors. Its role is very dominant in GRDP, but it has not shown a direction that is in line with economic growth because it has experienced a decline. One of the aspects highlighted is that the performance of local governments in agricultural and fisheries development has not been optimal. The theoretical implication is that development performance analysis must use variables and indicators from empirical factual data (non-perception) through GRDP values and economic growth. Because, it has been proven that aspects of implementing human resource management through organizational politics and organizational justice have been proven to have a significant influence on performance, while work commitment is not yet significant. Practical implications for the government as a development policy formulator are to evaluate the development approaches that have been carried out, as well as regional leaders and leaders of regional apparatus implementing units (OPD) to pay attention to employee work commitment because our findings prove that their role is still weak in carrying out their duties and functions as ASN.