Volume 10 (2022), Issue 2

Argan cake is rarely used in poultry feed. It is proposed that this feedstuff can improve the quality of chicken meat while also lowering the cost of chicken production. The study s objective is to determine the effect of dietary supplemented argan cake on the growth performance and meat/carcass quality of Moroccan broiler chickens. This study included 30 one-week-old chicks. They are divided into three groups of ten subjects each (TA0, TA5, and TA10). Each corresponds to three types of experimental feed containing 0 percsent, 5%, and 10% argan cake supplemented/mixed with commercial poultry feed, respectively. The amount of feed consumed was measured on a daily basis, and the birds were weighed once a week. The average weight of broiler chickens in groups TA5 and TA10 that consume argan cake is significantly higher than in group TA0 at the end of the trial (more than 0.18 kg). According to the chemical analysis, the meat of broiler chickens from groups TA5 and TA10 is higher in protein (19.1 percent and 18.1 percent respectively). TA0, on the other hand, has a protein percentage of 15.1%. This research also demonstrates that the TA5 and TA10 groups are higher in essential minerals like Ca (19.1mg/kg) and Fe (12.1mg/kg).

This study illustrates the importance of aquatic plants in removing pollutants and treating wastewater. Aquatic plants provide many benefits to humans, with many new applications still to be identified. However, introducing aquatic plant species that become problematic under specific conditions is putting both marine and freshwater environments at risk right now. These plant species are frequently imported from other regions for medicinal or horticultural purposes, but they eventually escape domestication and establish natural populations. Other pollutants, such as hydrocarbons and other hazardous and carcinogenic substances, can be removed from water using these aquatic plants. The application of growth-promoting bacteria that stimulate the growth of rhizosphere plants and the overgrown plants could be another modification that can have the maximum treating effect. Aquatic plants have many applications in wastewater treatment due to their much lower cost and higher efficiency. Numerous studies have proved Aquatic plants to be sinks for wastewater treatment, and they are also used in the treatment process and to reduce or limit pollutant wastewater. The treated wastewater was of acceptable quality, according to the international effluent standards for irrigation.

Planting geometry could be an important factor in harvesting sugarcane s maximum production in Pakistan s irrigated agriculture. Therefore, the present experiment was designed to investigate the potential effects of two planting geometry (i.e., 75 cm apart single row trench, farmers practice, and 120 cm apart dual rows trench plantings, recommended practices by Agricultural Research Wing) on three high yielding cultivars of sugarcane (e.g., HSF 240, CP 77-400 and CPF 249) at farm area of Sugarcane Research Institute (SRI), Ayub Agricultural Research Institute (AARI), Faisalabad during 2019-20. The treatments were randomized in Complete Block Design (CBD) under split-plot arrangements using three replications. The results showed that planting geometry of 120 cm apart dual rows trench planting produced significantly higher tillers (15.32 m-2), millable canes (103085 ha-1), total fresh biomass (123.41 t ha-1), average cane weight (0.95 kg) cane yield (97.94 t ha-1), and harvest index (79.29 %). Among the cultivars, the highest tillers (16.16 m-2) were recorded by HSF 240, but maximum millable canes (104195 ha-1), total fresh biomass (128.70 t ha-1), average cane weight (0.98 kg) and cane yield (101.95 t ha-1) were observed in CP 77-400. Furthermore, a higher sugar recovery (12.66%) was obtained from CPF 249 compared to HSF 240 and CP 77-400. Planting geometry had no impact on the sugar recovery of the cultivars.

S. litura was reared on artificial meals in a controlled laboratory setting at 26.1°C, 16:8 h L:D, and 65.5% RH at the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) in Islamabad, Pakistan, to evaluate its premature, mature adult stage characteristics and predation by C. cornea. On the artificial diet, the results for various parameters, including total larval duration (19.1 days, 45 percent), pre-pupal period (3.4 days, 92 percent), pupal period (7.05 days, 83 percent), and total immature duration from eggs to adult stage (33.4 days, 33 percent), as well as percent survival rate, were recorded. On a corn-based artificial diet, data on the pre-oviposition period (2.4 days), oviposition period (5.4 days), post-oviposition period (1.63 days), female fecundity (1366 eggs), and adult longevity (8.66 days) of mature stages of S. litura were collected. When supplied as prey, the predator s biological parameters and predatory capacity, C. carnea, were tested on two stages of S. litura (eggs and 1st instar larvae). The studies indicated that the prey significantly affected the total larval duration, immature duration, and % survival rate. The entire larval period was greatly minimized when C. carnea was offered eggs of S. litura for feeding. Additionally, higher % survival and fecundity were observed feeding with S. litura eggs, followed by 1st instar larvae. C. carnea consumed 443 S. litura eggs and 395 S. litura larvae during its larval development. Daily consumption of C. carnea larvae reached a maximum of 73 eggs and 53 1st instar larvae of S. litura. Comparatively, C. carnea larvae recorded maximum egg predation compared to 1st instar larvae of S. litura and the shorter developmental period when eggs were offered as prey. Moreover, 3rd instar larvae of C. carnea were found more voracious than early instars.

Urbanization affected the birds; by establishing the urban areas, plantations had to be cut, which played an essential role in decreasing the diversity of birds. The bird’s species, including the migratory population, is a crucial bioindicator of the ecosystem that plays an important role in various natural phenomena, including the multiple variations in the various species of plants. The avian fauna is mainly affected by global change, roadways, noise pollution, urbanization, deforestation, risky human behaviors, climate change, and absurd land use. This study is based on a survey of peer-reviewed papers that summarize the effect of development, urbanization, urban areas, and climate change on the diversity of birds and migration according to their ecosystems. As a result, increasing population demands more urbanization and deforestation, but as a comparison, we need to establish effective strategies that can help avian fauna in urban areas and provide suitable conditions for the bird species.

İncreasing population of the world is demanding enahnced agricultural production to fullfill the nutrient requirement of the grwoing population. However, higher inputs are required to get maximum agriculture production that are resulting higher prices of agricultural products. Thererfore, organic farming could be alternative to fullfill the nutrient requirement of the common peoples with low inputs. Organic farming concepts use environment-friendly practices with low external inputs. The study aimed to check the performance of organically grown four lentil cultivars, namely Eure 20, Sazak 91, Kayı 91, and Sultan 1, to check if their performance was at par with the traditionally grown lentils. The results confirmed that the four genotypes had a high potential for adaptation in the organic farming system.

Co-transformation in Agrobacterium-mediated is known as an important problem. Therefore, this study aimed to co-transform the Samsun Maden variety of tobacco. For this purpose, fresh seeds of cv. Samsun Maden 2421varitey of tobacco was procured from the Bafra county open market in Samsun province, Türkiye. In this study, a well-known transformation through A. tumefaciens was used because plants for example tobacco are recalcitrant or difficult to regenerate and fail to respond to other transformation techniques. The result showed successful co-transformation of square-shaped leaf explants on all cultures, excluding 50 mg/l Kanamycin used as a selection pressure. This concentration showed minör escapes to the extent of 1.67%. Indicating that optimizing selection pressure is very important to avoid escapes in co-transformation. Moreover, the regeneration efficiency of explants is reduced considerably with each increase in selection pressure. Keywords: Agrobacterium tumefaciens, selective genes, reporter genes, transformation, gus expression