Volume 7 (2019), Issue 1

Climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resilience are required corporate governance. Institutional organizations have been studying on climate change in last decades since that’s effects social economic life in the world. One of the need assessment of climate change adaptation is disseminations of corporate governance. The objective of this study is to disseminate international institutions’ activities for creating corporate climate change adaptation. The accepted output acceptations are regional capacity building for climate change adaptation on the way of policies, plans, and project in the development regions. The role of extension papers has impact on people and media where economic status of growth tendency occurs. Industrialization of regions, rural infrastructure, social, health, population, and development are some climate change related issues. Education, gender development, participation of sustainability, sustainable environment and ecology, forestation, keeping biodiversity, chemicals and waste management have to meet international obligations in everywhere. Food security and sustainable agriculture mainly depend on climate change adaptation. Emergency issues are data, data mining, and big data studies on climate change adaptation.

Environmental vulnerabilities such as temperature stress and increasing CO2 concentration are the major constraints for plant growth, metabolism and productivity worldwide. Many biochemical reactions are involved in plant growth and development, which are very sensitive to environmental vulnerabilities. Plant response to HT varies with HT duration, degree and plant type. HT is a major concern for crop production and obtaining the sustainable yield. Wheat plant possess a number of avoidances, adaptive and acclimation mechanism to cope with HT situations. Employ ions transporter, osmoprotectants and antioxidant are the major tolerant mechanism adopt by plant. Signaling decades and transcriptional control are activated to offset stress induced physiological and biochemical alterations. As biotic stress, weeds, insect pests and diseases will be winner under changing climate conditions because of their more diversity and adaptive power. Weeds, pest attack and diseases of wheat will increase in near future under changing climatic conditions and risk of invasiveness may increase. Wheat crop is weather stimuli, which affected by extreme weather condition. Temperature stress, changing rainfall pattern and increase in CO2 concentrations will affect pathogen attack, increase insects, weeds and their competiveness with wheat crop. Efficiency of present management practices may also be affected under changing climatic conditions. This article reviews the consequences of different environmental vulnerabilities on abiotic and biotic stresses in wheat. Most of research was conducted for evaluation of the effects of a single factor, but only few studies were carried out for interaction of multiple factors. Research is needed to evaluate the effects of change in climatic factors on wheat production and find out the interactions between climate vulnerabilities and abiotic stresses, in order to develop the strategies to minimize their affects.

The experimentations were conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of three new chemistry insecticides i.e., Spinosad, Chlorfenapyr and Deltamethrin against the famous bruchid beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus at different concentrations on filter paper. Thirty adults of the test insect were used in the bioassay. Data regarding mortality was recorded after regular intervals of 24 hrs till 72 hrs of the treatment application Findings disclosed that comparatively highest mortality of C. maculatus was 63.18% at highest concentration (7ppm) of Chlorfenapyr after an exposure period of 72 hrs, followed by 50.14% in deltametrin and 46.10% in spinosad, respectively. Mortality values were 37.14, 30.43 and 24.32% after an exposure period of 48 hrs. While comparatively low values 23.38, 17.05 and 15.42% were recorded after 24 hrs. it was also observed that mortality varied directly with the concentration level and length of exposure time. Main effect (Temperature) was found significant and percent mean mortality was found increased with increase in exposure period. Relatively highest mortality 50.32% was recorded after longest exposure period of 72 hrs in chlorfenapyre treatment, whilst comparatively lowest mortality 10.83% was recorded in case of spinosad after 24 hrs of treatment application. From these results we can conclude that these new chemistry insecticides can be used in IPM programme for the management of stored commodities insect pets.

Chickpeas were roasted using the microwave and then ground using a planetary ball miller. The milled chickpeas were then passed through different standard sieves of 80, 120, 160 and 200 mesh. The effect of sieve particle size on roasted chickpea powder was determined for physicochemical and structural properties. The color varied from 83.21 to 85.52, 4.78 to 3.83 and 23.57 to 22.34 for lightness (L), redness (a) and yellowness (b) with the decrease in particle size from R80-R200 mesh. Increase in the water activity was found ranging from 0.15 to 0.17 with reducing particle size. FTIR spectra provided the three distinct peaks at 800-1200, 1400-1600 and 2900-3500 cm-1, respectively for all samples with sharper peaks for smaller particle sized chickpeas. Increase in ordered structure could be seen in XRD with specifically better crystallinity in R200. R160 and R200 were found to be more thermally stable as investigated through TGA. The SEM micrographs of roasted chickpeas were more uniform in decreased particle sized chickpeas while few surface cracks were observed due to roasting. Keywords: Legumes, starch, digestibility, dehulling, isoflavones, rheological properties, snack food.

This study is about spectroscopic determination of cadmium and lead amount in some plants located near the highway between Kirsehir Center and Mucur districts. Collected plant samples were dried in an oven and left in an acid solution for getting soluble ions into the solution. After preparing reference solutions for atomic absorption spectrometer, the amount of lead in the samples were detected. After preparing reference solutions for UV-Vis spectrophotometer, the amount of cadmium in the samples were detected. The results show that there is a correlation between being close to contamination sites and the lead content in the samples. Correlation analysis showed that the positive and significant relationships were determined between pH level and cadmium concentration inside the plants (r=0.864), and lead concentration inside the plants (r=0.667).

Integrated pest management (IPM) is a suitable technique used to control insect pest and to protect the environment for the betterment of human health. It is a combination of biological, chemical, cultural and mechanical methods. All these methods are essentially integrated with each other. The purpose of the study was to identify coping strategies against sugarcane insect pest with special reference to integrated pest management that imparts proper awareness training programs for sugarcane growers. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the two groups, adopters and non-adopters, regarding cultural, mechanical and biological control. The results revealed that the majority of the respondents were unable to practice IPM due to lack of technical knowledge, practical skills and awareness related to the identification of sugarcane pest and their management. The study recommended that awareness regarding integrated pest management should be promoted through proper campaigns to mitigate insect pest of sugarcane, through IPM.